atom: The essential unit of a chemical aspect. Atoms are made up of a dense nucleus that accommodates positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons. The nucleus is orbited by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
atomic: Having to do with atoms, the smallest attainable unit that makes up a chemical aspect.
calcium: A chemical aspect and alkali steel frequent in minerals of the Earth’s crust and in sea salt. It is usually present in bone mineral and enamel, and might play a job within the motion of sure substances into and out of cells.
chemical: A substance shaped from two or extra atoms that unite (bond) in a set proportion and construction. For instance, water is a chemical made when two hydrogen atoms bond to 1 oxygen atom. Its chemical system is H2O. Chemical additionally may be an adjective to explain properties of supplies which are the results of numerous reactions between totally different compounds.
decay: (for radioactive supplies) The method whereby a radioactive isotope — which implies a bodily unstable type of some aspect — sheds power and subatomic particles. In time, this shedding will remodel the unstable aspect right into a barely totally different however secure aspect. As an example, uranium-238 (which is a radioactive, or unstable, isotope) decays to radium-222 (additionally a radioactive isotope), which decays to radon-222 (additionally radioactive), which decays to polonium-210 (additionally radioactive), which decays to lead-206 — which is secure. No additional decay happens. The charges of decay from one isotope to a different can vary from timeframes of lower than a second to billions of years.
aspect: A constructing block of some bigger construction. (in chemistry) Every of multiple hundred substances for which the smallest unit of every is a single atom. Examples embrace hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, lithium and uranium.
forge: (verb) To form metals underneath warmth and/or stress, or (colloquially) to kind one aspect from one other underneath the extreme warmth and stress inside stars.
hydrogen: The lightest aspect within the universe. As a gasoline, it’s colorless, odorless and extremely flammable. It’s an integral a part of many fuels, fat and chemical compounds that make up residing tissues. It’s made from a single proton (which serves as its nucleus) orbited by a single electron.
ion: (adj. ionized) An atom or molecule with an electrical cost as a result of loss or achieve of a number of electrons. An ionized gasoline, or plasma, is the place all the electrons have been separated from their guardian atoms.
neutron: A subatomic particle carrying no electrical cost that is without doubt one of the fundamental items of matter. Neutrons belong to the household of particles referred to as hadrons.
nucleus: Plural is nuclei. (in physics) The central core of an atom, containing most of its mass.
particle: A minute quantity of one thing.
physics: The scientific research of the character and properties of matter and power. Classical physics is an evidence of the character and properties of matter and power that depends on descriptions resembling Newton’s legal guidelines of movement. Quantum physics, a subject of research that emerged later, is a extra correct means of explaining the motions and conduct of matter. A scientist who works in such areas is called a physicist.
proton: A subatomic particle that is without doubt one of the fundamental constructing blocks of the atoms that make up matter. Protons belong to the household of particles referred to as hadrons.
radioactive: An adjective that describes unstable components, resembling sure types (isotopes) of uranium and plutonium. Such components are mentioned to be unstable as a result of their nucleus sheds power that’s carried away by photons and/or a number of subatomic particles. This emission of power is by a course of referred to as radioactive decay.
tactic: An motion or plan of motion to perform a specific feat.
