environment: The envelope of gases surrounding Earth, one other planet or a moon.
atom: The essential unit of a chemical ingredient. Atoms are made up of a dense nucleus that accommodates positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons. The nucleus is orbited by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
atomic: Having to do with atoms, the smallest attainable unit that makes up a chemical ingredient.
black gap: A area of area having a gravitational discipline so intense that irrespective of or radiation (together with gentle) can escape.
celestial: (in astronomy) Of or referring to the sky, or outer area.
celestial object: Any naturally shaped objects of considerable measurement in area. Examples embody comets, asteroids, planets, moons, stars and galaxies.
circuit: A community that transmits electrical alerts. Within the physique, nerve cells create circuits that relay electrical alerts to the mind. In electronics, wires usually route these alerts to activate some mechanical, computational or different operate.
cosmic: An adjective that refers back to the cosmos — the universe and all the pieces inside it.
cosmic rays: Very high-energy particles, principally protons, that bombard Earth from all instructions. These particles originate outdoors our photo voltaic system. They’re equal to the nucleus of an atom. They journey via area at excessive charges of velocity (typically near the velocity of sunshine).
cosmos: (adj. cosmic) A time period that refers back to the universe and all the pieces inside it.
disrupt: (n. disruption) To interrupt aside one thing; interrupt the traditional operation of one thing; or to throw the traditional group (or order) of one thing into dysfunction.
DNA: (brief for deoxyribonucleic acid) A protracted, double-stranded and spiral-shaped molecule inside most dwelling cells that carries genetic directions. It’s constructed on a spine of phosphorus, oxygen, and carbon atoms. In all dwelling issues, from crops and animals to microbes, these directions inform cells which molecules to make.
electrical cost: The bodily property accountable for electrical power; it may be unfavorable or constructive.
electronics: Gadgets which might be powered by electrical energy however whose properties are managed by the semiconductors or different circuitry that channel or gate the motion of electrical prices.
magnetic discipline: An space of affect created by sure supplies, referred to as magnets, or by the motion of electrical prices.
muon: A sort of unstable subatomic particle. Most on Earth shaped when cosmic rays work together with atoms within the environment. As leptons, muons belong to the identical class of particles because the electron. Their mass, nevertheless, is roughly 200 occasions larger. Muons are usually short-lived. It tends to outlive solely 2.2 microseconds earlier than it decaying (remodeling) into an electron and two forms of neutrinos.
particle: A minute quantity of one thing.
planet: A big celestial object that orbits a star however in contrast to a star doesn’t generate any seen gentle.
proton: A subatomic particle that is likely one of the fundamental constructing blocks of the atoms that make up matter. Protons belong to the household of particles often called hadrons.
pyramid: A monumental construction with a sq. or triangular base and sloping sides that meet in a degree on the high. The perfect identified are these constituted of stone as royal tombs in historic Egypt.
velocity of sunshine: A continuing typically utilized in physics, equivalent to 1.08 billion kilometers (671 million miles) per hour.
star: The essential constructing block from which galaxies are made. Stars develop when gravity compacts clouds of gasoline. After they turn out to be scorching sufficient, stars will emit gentle and typically different types of electromagnetic radiation. The solar is our closest star.
solar: The star on the heart of Earth’s photo voltaic system. It’s about 27,000 light-years from the middle of the Milky Manner galaxy. Additionally a time period for any sunlike star.
supernova: (plural: supernovae or supernovas) A star that all of the sudden will increase drastically in brightness due to a catastrophic explosion that ejects most (or typically all) of its mass.
volcano: A spot on Earth’s crust that opens, permitting magma and gases to spew out from underground reservoirs of molten materials. The magma rises via a system of pipes or channels, typically spending time in chambers the place it bubbles with gasoline and undergoes chemical transformations. This plumbing system can turn out to be extra complicated over time. This can lead to a change, over time, to the chemical composition of the lava as nicely. The floor round a volcano’s opening can develop right into a mound or cone form as successive eruptions ship extra lava onto the floor, the place it cools into laborious rock.
