acronym: A phrase made by combining a few of the beginning letter or teams of letters from a variety of phrases. For example, STEM is an acronym for Science, Know-how, Engineering and Math. Radar is an acronym for RAdio Detection And Ranging. Even laser is an acronym for Mild Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
environment: The envelope of gases surrounding Earth, one other planet or a moon.
atmospheric physics: This subject of meteorology is said to local weather science. Individuals who work on this subject, known as atmospheric physicists, use computer systems and math to mannequin the properties of Earth’s environment that drive climate and local weather.
atom: The fundamental unit of a chemical ingredient. Atoms are made up of a dense nucleus that comprises positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons. The nucleus is orbited by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
aurora: A lightweight show within the sky triggered when incoming energetic particles from the solar collide with gasoline molecules in a planet’s higher environment. The perfect identified of those is Earth’s aurora borealis, or northern lights. On some outer gasoline planets, like Jupiter and Saturn, the mix of a quick charge of rotation and powerful magnetic subject results in excessive electrical currents within the higher environment, above the planets’ poles. This, too, may cause auroral “mild” exhibits of their higher environment.
chemical: A substance shaped from two or extra atoms that unite (bond) in a set proportion and construction. For instance, water is a chemical made when two hydrogen atoms bond to 1 oxygen atom. Its chemical formulation is H2O. Chemical additionally might be an adjective to explain properties of supplies which might be the results of varied reactions between completely different compounds.
citizen scientists: Public volunteers — folks of all ages and talents — who take part in analysis. The information that these citizen “scientists” gather helps to advance analysis. Letting the general public take part signifies that science can get knowledge from many extra folks and locations than can be accessible in the event that they have been being collected by skilled scientists alone.
cloud: A plume of molecules or particles, akin to water droplets, that transfer below the motion of an outdoor pressure, akin to wind, radiation or water currents. (in atmospheric science) A mass of airborne water droplets and ice crystals that journey as a plume, normally excessive in Earth’s environment. Its motion is pushed by winds.
diffuse: adj.) To be unfold out thinly over an important space; not concise or concentrated. (v) To unfold mild or to broadly launch some substance by a liquid (akin to water or air) or by some floor (akin to a membrane).
electrical cost: The bodily property liable for electrical pressure; it may be destructive or optimistic.
electrical subject: A area round a charged particle or object inside which a pressure can be exerted on different charged particles or objects.
electrical engineer: An engineer who designs, builds or analyzes electrical tools.
electrical energy: A stream of cost, normally from the motion of negatively charged particles, known as electrons.
electromagnetic: An adjective referring to mild radiation, to magnetism or to each.
electromagnetic pulse: Waves of vitality triggered by any highly effective, explosive burst within the environment. They pose no danger to animals, together with people. Relying on the wavelengths emitted, nevertheless, an electromagnetic pulse (or EMP), can disrupt — or destroy — digital parts. EMPs might be produced naturally — akin to thunderstorm ELVES (emissions of sunshine and really low frequency perturbations as a result of electromagnetic pulse sources). Extra worrisome are these EMPs unleashed by the detonation of high-altitude bombs (particularly nuclear weapons). Since EMPs journey in all instructions from their supply, a high-altitude burst may ship them over nice distances (probably a lot of your complete United States), crippling all electronics inside a line-of-sight of the detonation.
electron: A negatively charged particle, normally discovered orbiting the outer areas of an atom; additionally, the service of electrical energy inside solids.
ingredient: (in chemistry) Every of multiple hundred substances for which the smallest unit of every is a single atom. Examples embody hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, lithium and uranium.
engineer: An individual who makes use of science and math to unravel issues. As a verb, to engineer means to design a tool, materials or course of that may resolve some drawback or unmet want.
atmosphere: The sum of the entire issues that exist round some organism or the method and the situation these issues create. Surroundings might consult with the climate and ecosystem by which some animal lives, or, maybe, the temperature and humidity (and even the placement of issues within the neighborhood of an merchandise of curiosity).
excite: (in chemistry and physics) To switch vitality to a number of outer electrons in an atom. They continue to be on this greater vitality state till they shed the additional vitality by the emission of some sort of radiation, akin to mild.
frequency: The variety of instances some periodic phenomenon happens inside a specified time interval. (In physics) The variety of wavelengths that happens over a selected interval of time.
hue: A shade or shade of some shade.
hurricane: A tropical cyclone that happens within the Atlantic Ocean and has winds of 119 kilometers (74 miles) per hour or better. When such a storm happens within the Pacific Ocean, folks consult with it as a storm.
perception: The flexibility to realize an correct and deep understanding of a state of affairs simply by desirous about it, as an alternative of understanding an answer by experimentation.
Worldwide House Station: A man-made satellite tv for pc that orbits Earth. Run by america and Russia, this station supplies a analysis laboratory from which scientists can conduct experiments in biology, physics and astronomy — and make observations of Earth.
lightning: A flash of sunshine triggered by the discharge of electrical energy that happens between clouds or between a cloud and one thing on Earth’s floor. {The electrical} present may cause a flash heating of the air, which might create a pointy crack of thunder.
meteor: (adj. meteoritic) A lump of rock or metallic from area that hits the environment of Earth. In area it is named a meteoroid. While you see it within the sky it’s a meteor. And when it hits the bottom it’s known as a meteorite.
millisecond: A thousandth of a second.
molecule: An electrically impartial group of atoms that represents the smallest doable quantity of a chemical compound. Molecules might be product of single kinds of atoms or of various sorts. For instance, the oxygen within the air is product of two oxygen atoms (O2), however water is product of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O).
NASA: Quick for the Nationwide Aeronautics and House Administration. Created in 1958, this U.S. company has turn out to be a frontrunner in area analysis and in stimulating public curiosity in area exploration. It was by NASA that america despatched folks into orbit and finally to the moon. It additionally has despatched analysis craft to review planets and different celestial objects in our photo voltaic system.
community: A bunch of interconnected folks or issues. (v.) The act of connecting with different individuals who work in a given space or do comparable factor (akin to artists, enterprise leaders or medical-support teams), usually by going to gatherings the place such folks can be anticipated, after which chatting them up. (n. networking)
nickel: Quantity 28 on the periodic desk of parts, this difficult, silvery ingredient resists oxidation and corrosion. That makes it a great coating for a lot of different parts or to be used in multi-metal alloys.
nitrogen: A colorless, odorless and nonreactive gaseous ingredient that varieties about 78 p.c of Earth’s environment. Its scientific image is N. Nitrogen is launched within the type of nitrogen oxides as fossil fuels burn. It is available in two steady varieties. Each have 14 protons within the nucleus. However one has 14 neutrons in that nucleus; the opposite has 15. For that distinction, they’re identified, respectively, as nitrogen-14 and nitrogen-15 (or 14N and 15N).
physicist: A scientist who research the character and properties of matter and vitality.
physics: The scientific examine of the character and properties of matter and vitality. Classical physics is a proof of the character and properties of matter and vitality that depends on descriptions akin to Newton’s legal guidelines of movement. Quantum physics, a subject of examine that emerged later, is a extra correct approach of explaining the motions and conduct of matter. A scientist who works in such areas is named a physicist.
planet: A big celestial object that orbits a star however in contrast to a star doesn’t generate any seen mild.
radio: Referring to radio waves, or the system that receives these transmissions. Radio waves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum that folks usually use for long-distance communication. Longer than the waves of seen mild, radio waves are used to transmit radio and tv indicators. Additionally they are utilized in radar. Many astronomical objects additionally radiate a few of their vitality as radio waves.
rocket: One thing propelled into the air or by area, typically as a weapon of struggle. A rocket normally is lofted by the discharge of exhaust gases as some gas burns. (v.) One thing that flings into area at excessive velocity as if fueled by combustion.
spawn: To shortly trigger one thing to return into being.
spherical: Adjective for one thing that’s spherical (as a sphere).
stratosphere: The second layer of the Earth’s environment, simply above the troposphere, or floor layer. The stratosphere stretches from roughly 14 to 64 kilometers (9 to about 31 miles) above sea degree.
tropics: The area close to Earth’s equator. Temperatures listed here are typically heat to sizzling, year-round.
climate: Situations within the environment at a localized place and a selected time. It’s normally described when it comes to explicit options, akin to air stress, humidity, moisture, any precipitation (rain, snow or ice), temperature and wind velocity. Climate constitutes the precise situations that happen at any time and place. It’s completely different from local weather, which is an outline of the situations that are likely to happen in some normal area throughout a selected month or season.
