agriculture: The expansion of crops, animals or fungi for human wants, together with meals, gas, chemical compounds and drugs.
environment: The envelope of gases surrounding Earth, one other planet or a moon.
basalt: A sort of black volcanic rock that tends to be very dense (except volcanic eruptions seeded it with a number of air pockets).
birds: Heat-blooded animals with wings that first confirmed up in the course of the time of the dinosaurs. Birds are jacketed in feathers and produce younger from the eggs they deposit in some kind of nest. Most birds fly, however all through historical past there have been the occasional species that don’t.
carbon: A chemical aspect that’s the bodily foundation of all life on Earth. Carbon exists freely as graphite and diamond. It is a crucial a part of coal, limestone and petroleum, and is able to self-bonding, chemically, to type an infinite variety of chemically, biologically and commercially vital molecules. (in local weather research) The time period carbon generally might be used virtually interchangeably with carbon dioxide to connote the potential impacts that some motion, product, coverage or course of might have on long-term atmospheric warming.
carbon seize: (in local weather science) A time period for processes that straight take away carbon dioxide gasoline from air or water via some chemical means in order that it may be saved after which both be disposed of or be reused as a uncooked materials.
carbon dioxide: (or CO2) A colorless, odorless gasoline produced by all animals when the oxygen they inhale reacts with the carbon-rich meals that they’ve eaten. Carbon dioxide is also launched when natural matter burns (together with fossil fuels like oil or gasoline). Carbon dioxide acts as a greenhouse gasoline, trapping warmth in Earth’s environment. Vegetation convert carbon dioxide into oxygen throughout photosynthesis, the method they use to make their very own meals.
carbonate: A gaggle of minerals, together with people who make up limestone, which comprises carbon and oxygen.
caterpillar: The larval stage of moths and butterflies. Considerably wormy-shaped crawlers, caterpillars are likely to eat leaves and different plant bits. Some will, nonetheless, dine on different bugs.
chemical: A substance shaped from two or extra atoms that unite (bond) in a hard and fast proportion and construction. For instance, water is a chemical made when two hydrogen atoms bond to 1 oxygen atom. Its chemical components is H2O. Chemical additionally will be an adjective to explain properties of supplies which can be the results of varied reactions between completely different compounds.
compost: The top product within the breakdown, or decomposition, of leaves, crops, greens, manure and different once-living materials. Compost is used to complement backyard soil, and earthworms generally help this course of.
knowledge: Info and/or statistics collected collectively for evaluation however not essentially organized in a manner that provides them that means. For digital info (the kind saved by computer systems), these knowledge sometimes are numbers saved in a binary code, portrayed as strings of zeros and ones.
equilibrium: A situation the place issues are in stability. It is as a consequence of opposing forces equaling (or cancelling) one another out.
geology: The research of Earth’s bodily construction and substance, its historical past and the processes that act on it. Individuals who work on this subject are generally known as geologists. Planetary geology is the science of learning the identical issues about different planets.
inexperienced: (in chemistry and environmental science) An adjective to explain merchandise and processes that may pose little or no hurt to dwelling issues or the surroundings.
greenhouse: A lightweight-filled construction, usually with home windows serving as partitions and ceiling supplies, wherein crops are grown. It supplies a managed surroundings wherein set quantities of water, humidity and vitamins will be utilized — and pests will be prevented entry.
highschool: A designation for grades 9 via 12 within the U.S. system of obligatory public training. Excessive-school graduates might apply to schools for additional, superior training.
insect: A sort of arthropod that as an grownup can have six segmented legs and three physique components: a head, thorax and stomach. There are lots of of 1000’s of bugs, which embrace bees, beetles, flies and moths.
built-in pest administration: (abbreviated IPM) The method of utilizing primarily non-chemical steps to scale back pest issues. IPM practices enable using chemical pesticides, however solely as a final resort.
larvae: Immature bugs which have a distinctly completely different type (physique form) than when they’re adults. For example, caterpillars are larval butterflies and maggots are larval flies. (Typically this time period is also used to explain such a stage within the improvement of fish, frogs and different animals.)
mineral: Crystal-forming substances that make up rock, reminiscent of quartz, apatite or varied carbonates. Most rocks comprise a number of completely different minerals mish-mashed collectively. A mineral normally is stable and steady at room temperatures and has a particular components, or recipe (with atoms occurring in sure proportions) and a particular crystalline construction (that means that its atoms are organized in common three-dimensional patterns).
nutrient: A vitamin, mineral, fats, carbohydrate or protein {that a} plant, animal or different organism requires as a part of its meals as a way to survive.
pesticide: A chemical or mixture of compounds used to kill bugs, rodents or different organisms dangerous to cultivated crops, pets or livestock; or undesirable organisms that infest houses, workplaces, farm buildings and different protected buildings.
stable: Agency and steady in form; not liquid or gaseous.
stress: (in biology) An element — reminiscent of uncommon temperatures, actions, moisture or air pollution — that impacts the well being of a species or ecosystem. (in psychology) A psychological, bodily, emotional or behavioral response to an occasion or circumstance (stressor) that disturbs an individual or animal’s standard state of being or locations elevated calls for on an individual or animal; psychological stress will be both constructive or unfavorable.
style: One of many primary properties the physique makes use of to sense its surroundings, particularly meals, utilizing receptors (style buds) on the tongue (and another organs).
city: Of or associated to cities, particularly densely populated ones or areas the place a number of visitors and industrial exercise happens. The event or buildup of city areas is a phenomenon generally known as urbanization.
selection: (in agriculture) The time period that plant scientists give to a definite breed (subspecies) of plant with fascinating traits. If the crops had been bred deliberately, they’re known as cultivated varieties, or cultivars.
